What is a human mind's problem and the solution for the same?

ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः संगस्तेशूपजायतॆ
संगात्संजायतॆ कामः कामात्क्रोधो अभिजायतॆ
क्रोधाद्भवति सम्मोहः सम्मोहात् स्मृतिविभ्रमः
स्मृतिभ्रम्शात् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात् प्रणश्यति
रागद्वेषवियुक्तैस्तु विषयानिंद्रियैश्चरन्
आत्मवश्यैर्विधेयात्म प्रसादमधिगच्छति

dhyaayatO viShayaanpuMsaH saMgastEshUpajaayate
saMgaatsaMjaayate kaamaH kaamaatkrOdhO abhijaayate
krOdhaadbhavati sammOhaH sammOhaat smRutivibhramaH
smRutibhramshaat buddhinaashO buddhinaashaat praNashyati
raagadwEShaviyuktaistu viShayaaniMdriyaishcaran
aatmavashyairvidhEyaatma prasaadamadhigacChati

Translation:

The one who leans towards all the matters, they develop a kind of bonding to that
With the bonding, they develop wishes on it, with wishes they develop Anger
With Anger they develop relationship and with relationship they get their intellect into illusion
With intellect illusionized they lose their mind and by that they destroy themselves
With Arrogance and Jealousy the matters would control the senses
But the Atma that is bonded within the Atma gets the aura as a boon

What Atma does?

अविनाशि तु तद्विद्धि एन सर्वमिदम् ततम्
विनाशमव्ययस्यास्य न कश्चित्कर्तुमर्हति
अंतवंत इमे देहा नित्यस्योक्ताः शरीरिणः
अनाशिनो अप्रमेयस्य तस्माद्युध्यस्व भारत
य एनम् वेत्ति हंतारम् यश्चैनम् मन्यते हतं
उभौ तौ विजानीतो नायं हंति न हन्यतॆ
नजायतॆ म्रियतेवा कदाचिन् नायम् भूत्वा भविता वा न भूयः
अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोयम् पुराणो, न हन्यतॆ हन्यमानो शरीरॆ
वेदविनाशनम् नित्यम् न एनमजमव्ययम्
कथम् स पुरुषः पार्थ कम् घातयति हंति कम्
वासांसि जीर्णानि यथा विहाय नवानि गृह्णानि नरोपराणि
तथा शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णान्यन्यानि संयाति नवानि देही
नैनं छिंदंति शस्त्राणि नैनं दहति पावकः
न चैनं क्लेदयंत्यापो न शोषयति मारुतः
अच्छेद्यो अयम् अदाह्यो अयम् अक्लेद्यो अशोष्य एव च
नित्यः सर्वगतः स्थाणुः अचलोयम् सनातनः
अव्यक्तो अयम् अचिंत्यो अयम् अविकार्यो अयम् उच्यते
तस्मादेवम् विदित्वैनम् नानुशोचितुमर्हसि
अथ चैनं नित्यजातं नित्यं वा मन्यसे मृतं
तथापि त्वं महाबाहो नैवं शोचितुमर्हसि
जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च
तस्मादपरिहार्ये अर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि


Avinaashi tu tadviddhi Ena sarvamidam tatam
Vinaashamavyayasyaasya na kashchitkartumarhati
aMtavaMta imE dEhA nitysyOktAH shareeriNaH
anAshinO apramEyasya tasmaadyudhyaswa bhaarata
ya Enam vEtti haMtaaram yashcainam manyatE hataM
ubhou tou vijaanItO nAyaM haMti na hanyate
najAyate mriyatEvA kadAchin nAyam bhootwA bhavitA v Ana bhooyaH
ajO nityaH shaashwatOyam puraaNO, na hanyate hanyamAnO sharIre
vEdavinaashanam nityam na Enamajamavyayam
katham sa puruShaH paartha kam ghAtayati haMti kam
vAsAMsi jeerNaani yathA vihAya navAni gRuhNAni narOparANi
tathA sharIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dEhI
nainaM ChiMdaMti shastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH
na chainaM klEdayaMtyaapO na shOShayati mArutaH
acchEdyO ayam adaahyO ayam aklEdyO ashOShya Eva ca
nityaH sarvagataH sthANuH acalOyam sanaatanaH
avyaktO ayam achiMtyO ayam avikAryO ayam uchyatE
tasmAdEvam viditwainam nAnushOchitumarhasi
atha chainaM nityajaataM nityaM vA manyasE mRutaM
tathaapi twaM mahAbAhO naivaM shOchitumarhasi
jAtasya hi dhruvO mRutyurdhruvaM janma mRutasya ca
tasmaadaparihaaryE arthE na twaM shOchitumarhasi  

Understand that it can't be killed and is present everywhere and in everyone. Nobody gets the right to destroy this. The routine of the atma in the body is that post the end, it moves to another body. This is undestroyable and immeasurable, therefore, just fight in the war. It doesn't go anywhere and cannot be sent too. Nobody can tell that this isn't there during past, present and the future. As told in the Puranas, this isn't born, but is the constant and infinite. Any body cannot destroy this nor is destroyed by it. As you know that the vedas cannot be destroyed, the Atma is like that and for what are you weakening yourself thinking that you would destroy. As the people after utilizing something change the same, when it is old and consumes new, in the same way, this would travel through various bodies and post utilizing those, goes to another. This cannot be destroyed by weapons, nor burnt by the fire, rushed by water, blown by the air. This is like an atom yet is omnipresent and routinely constant as well as always available. This isn't seen, can't be thought and isn't a form by itself. Knowing this, you shouldn't be sad. As we think, this is constantly there and dies as a routine. Even for that, you don't need to be sad. Those who are born will die as the death will be given for the one who is born after the death. Because this can't be solved, you shouldn't feel sad about this. 

These are the few famous verses from the Gita as sung by Lord Krishna to Arjuna after educating him with the prior verses as below: While talking intelligently you are crying for undeserving. The pundits don't cry for those who have gone or who would go. I, you and no other King will go as all the activities of the future is decided by the ultimate power. The body will gradually get old, passing from the child and the youth phases, and then gets another body. hence, for this the sages won't get attached. O son of Kunti, only through touch or the feel, one would experience cold, hot, happiness and sad. Great warrior, for this, Gentlemen won't worry. Who takes Happiness and Sadness in the same way, that sage attains immortality. The untruth doesn't tell emotions and non-emotions doesn't teach truth and if one looks between that, there is a philosophical vision for one to learn.

 

Sons Trait explained with stories by Sage Vishwamitra to Rama and Lakshmana

वायुः सर्वात्मको राजन्प्रधर्षयितुमिच्छति

अशुभं मार्गमास्थाय न धर्मं प्रत्यवेक्षते

पितृमत्यः स्म भद्रं ते स्वच्छन्दे न वयं स्थिताः

पितरं नो वृणीष्व त्वं यदि नो दास्यते तव

तेन पापानुबन्धेन वचनं न प्रतीच्छता

एवं ब्रुवन्त्यः सर्वाः स्म वायुना निहता भृषं

तासां तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा राजा परमधार्मिकः

प्रत्युवाच महातेजाः कन्याशतमनुत्तमम्

क्षान्तं क्षमवतां पुत्र्यः कर्तव्यं सुमहत्कृतम्

एकमत्यमुपागम्य कुलं चावेक्षितं मम

यादृशीर्वः क्षमा पुत्र्यः सर्वासामविशेषतः

क्षमा दानं क्षमा यज्ञः क्षमा सत्यं च पुत्रिकाः

क्षमा यशः क्षमा धर्मः क्षमायां विष्ठितं जगत्

vaayuH sarvaatmakO raajanpradharShayitumicChati

ashubhaM maargamaasthaaya na dharmaM pratyavEkShatE

pitRumatyaH sma bhadraM tE swacChandE na vayaM sthitaaH

pitaraM nO vRuNeeShwa twaM yadi nO daasyatE tava

tEna paapaanubandhEna vachanaM na prateecChataa

EvaM bruvantyaH sarvaaH sma vaayunaa nihataa BhruShaM

taasaaM tadvacanaM shrutwaa raajaa paramadhaarmikaH

pratyuvaaca mahaatEjaaH kanyaashatamanuttamam

kShaantaM kShamavataaM putryaH kartavyaM sumahatkRutam

Ekamatyamupaagamya kulaM caavEkShitaM mama

yaadRusheervaH kShamaa putryaH sarvaasaamavishEShataH

kShamaa daanaM kShamaa yaj~jaH kShamaa satyaM ca putrikaaH

kShamaa yashaH kShamaa dharmaH kShamaayaaM viShThitaM jagat

Shloka Meaning

Oh King! The air has the capacity to enter into every soul

By choosing the wrong path, one will not be directed by righteousness

You being guarded by the parents will not have the same qualities of them in you

The parents will not take from you until you give it to them

Thus promises done while being indulged in wrong doings will not satisfy its goals

While mentioning thus the air will eminently consume all

By hearing thus from him the eminent and righteous king

He with one hundred daughters spoke to the enlightened one

The endured and forgiving sons will do their job with great energy

I welcomed one such son to enter into my clan

When compared between the two, the forgiving sons will be the best

Forgiveness is donation, knowledge, truth and the girl children

Forgiveness is the success, righteousness and beheld by the world

The above verses are available in the 32^nd Sarga of the Balakanda in Maharshi Valmiki’s Ramayana. While describing the traits of a Son, Sage Vishwamitra teaches life lessons to Rama and Lakshmana through stories.